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En six années, de 1985 à 1991, une révolution inimaginable a bouleversé le monde et l'Europe: l'utopie communiste, le système totalitaire, l'Empire soviétique se sont écroulés pour disparaître à jamais. Ce ne fut pas une catastrophe aux accents wagnériens, comme celle qui emporta l'autre totalitarisme du XXe siècle, le nazisme, mais un changement paisible dû à la simple initiative d'hommes de bonne volonté et de peuples excédés par ce système. À l'origine de ce bouleversement, un homme, Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, qui a compris qu'il fallait rénover le système politique de l'empire, puis Boris Eltsine, qui incarnera la chute de l'Union soviétique et le retour de la Russie sur la scène mondiale. Ce fut un miracle comme l'histoire en connaît peu. Étrangement, un quart de siècle plus tard, cette extraordinaire série d'événements - la disparition en douceur d'un immense empire surarmé, d'un système étatique tout-puissant que l'on disait et pensait éternel et la fin de la guerre froide - tient peu de place dans la mémoire collective. C'est cette histoire, celle de ces six années qui ont radicalement changé le monde, qu'Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, qui fut un témoin privilégié de ces événements, raconte dans ce livre.

URSS --- Politique et gouvernement --- Communisme --- Violence politique --- BPB1601 --- Histoire --- Politiek geweld --- USSR --- Geschiedenis --- HistoireCommunisme --- URSS -- Politique et gouvernement -- 1985-1991 --- URSS -- 1985-1991 --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- history --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- NSV Liit --- ZSRR --- PSRS --- Aontas na bPoblachtaí Sóivéadacha Sóisialacha --- TSRS --- BRSS --- SSSR --- ΕΣΣΔ --- Svaz sovětských socialistických republik --- ZSSR --- SZSZKSZ --- UdSSR --- СССР --- NL --- buvusioji TSRS --- Padomju Savienība --- Sovjet-Unie --- Neuvostoliitto --- former USSR --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Σοβιετική Ένωση --- предишен СССР --- поранешен СССР --- ancienne URSS --- Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών --- ish BRSS --- πρώην ΕΣΣΔ --- Сојуз на Советските Социјалистички Републики --- ehemalige UdSSR --- Unione delle Repubbliche socialiste sovietiche --- kraje byłego ZSRR --- före detta USSR --- Nõukogude Liit --- Union soviétique --- ex URSS --- Unión Soviética --- antigua URSS --- Sowjetunion --- ex-URSS --- Совјетски Савез --- Socialistiska sovjetrepublikernas union --- antigua Unión Soviética --- бивши СССР --- Szovjetunió --- Soviet Union --- bivši SSSR --- țări din fosta URSS --- Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques --- bývalý SSSR --- ex-União Soviética --- Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaságok Szövetsége --- União Soviética --- a volt Szovjetunió --- nekdanja ZSSR --- União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- entinen NL --- Sovjetunionen --- Sovietsky zväz --- Unione Sovietica --- a volt SZSZKSZ --- Sovětský svaz --- Uniunea Sovietică --- bývalý ZSSR --- Советски Сојуз --- Bashkimi Sovietik --- voormalige USSR --- bijusī PSRS --- Tarybų Sąjunga --- politikai erőszak --- политичко насиље --- politisk vold --- политическо насилие --- poliittinen väkivalta --- poliitiline vägivald --- politinė prievarta --- политичко насилство --- violencia política --- violenza politica --- political violence --- πολιτική βία --- politiskā vardarbība --- vjolenza politika --- političko nasilje --- politické násilí --- dhunë politike --- politische Gewalt --- przemoc polityczna --- violență politică --- politiek geweld --- politično nasilje --- violência política --- politiskt våld --- politické násilie --- rivoluzione --- револуција --- vallankumous --- forradalom --- atentát --- герила --- Revolution --- guerrilha --- guerile --- Guerillabewegung --- révolution --- revolução --- guerrilla --- guerriglia --- revolutsioon --- gerilla --- gerillaháború --- gherilă --- revolucion --- επανάσταση --- revoluție --- αντάρτικο --- revolúcia --- revolucija --- revolūcija --- partisan --- revoliucija --- revolta --- partizānu karš --- revoluce --- partizanas --- sissi --- guérilla --- revolution --- revolución --- politikai kényszer --- guerilla --- lotta armata --- επαναστατική δράση --- gerila --- revolutie --- Komuniżmu --- komunizm --- communisme --- comunismo --- комунизам --- komunisms --- komunizam --- komunizmus --- kommunisme --- komunizmas --- kommunizmus --- komunismus --- kommunism --- kommunismi --- comunism --- komunizëm --- komunizem --- Kommunismus --- κομμουνισμός --- комунизъм --- Communism --- reálný socialismus --- reformní komunismus --- komunistické hnutí --- комунистичка идеологија --- реалсоцијализам --- komunistické učení --- komunistická ideologie --- komunistički režim --- anarchokomunismus --- bolševismus --- Politics and government --- foréigean polaitiúil --- cumannachas --- APSS --- Soviet Union - Politics and government - 1985-1991.

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Bibliotheek François Vercammen

Regional documentation --- Russian Federation --- 308 <47> --- 908 <47+57> --- 947.098 --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 820 Internationale Betrekkingen --- 838 Duurzame Ontwikkeling --- 844.1 Minderheden --- 848 Demografie --- 860 (Vredes)cultuur --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- Soviet Union --- Russia --- Soviet Union. --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS

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Polemology --- Russian Federation --- National security --- Decision making. --- Soviet Union --- Defenses --- -National security --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Decision making --- Government policy --- -Defenses --- -Decision making --- Russia --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- National security - Soviet Union - Decision making. --- Soviet Union - Defenses - Decision making.

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International law --- Russian Federation --- Soviet Union --- Foreign relations --- Treaties --- Chronology --- 341.24 <47> --- Désherbage --- Internationaal verdragsrecht--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- Deselectie --- -Foreign relations --- -Treaties --- -Chronology --- 341.24 <47> Internationaal verdragsrecht--Rusland. Sovjet-Unie --- Russia --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Chronology. --- USSR. Verdragen. 1974-1980. (Repertorium) --- URSS. Relations extérieures. 1974-1980. --- URSS. Traités. 1974-1980. (Répertoire) --- USSR. Buitenlandse betrekkingen. 1974-1980. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Soviet Union - Foreign relations - Treaties - Chronology

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This book uses the formerly secret Soviet state and Communist Party archives to describe the creation and operations of the Soviet administrative command system. It concludes that the system failed not because of the 'jockey'(i.e. Stalin and later leaders) but because of the 'horse' (the economic system). Although Stalin was the system's prime architect, the system was managed by thousands of 'Stalins' in a nested dictatorship. The core values of the Bolshevik Party dictated the choice of the administrative command system, and the system dictated the political victory of a Stalin-like figure. This study pinpoints the reasons for the failure of the system - poor planning, unreliable supplies, the preferential treatment of indigenous enterprises, the lack of knowledge of planners, etc. - but also focuses on the basic principal-agent conflict between planners and producers, which created a sixty-year reform stalemate.

Economic order --- Russian Federation --- Bureaucracy --- Bureaucratie --- History --- Histoire --- Soviet Union --- URSS --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government --- Conditions économiques --- Politique et gouvernement --- Russia --- Conditions économiques --- Interorganizational relations --- Political science --- Public administration --- Organizational sociology --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics